Instructions are commands in C programming that instruct the compiler to perform a specific action. In C Programming Instructions are classified in mainly three types.
- Type Declaration Instruction
- Arithmetic Instructions
- Control Instructions
Type Declaration Instruction in C
Type declaration instruction is used to specify the type of variable that will be used in the C program. It was used after the main function. Users need to instruct the compiler which type of variable will be used in a C program. So, Type declaration instruction is used to do it. Let’s take a look at an example for a better understanding.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=4; // Here int is a type declaration instruction
printf("Value of a=%d",a);
return 0;
}
Arithmetic Instructions in C
Arithmetic Instructions are used to perform arithmetic operations on variables & constants. Variables and Constants on which these operations are applied are knowns as Operands. Here are some most used arithmetic operations in C.
Arithmetic Operations | Descriptions |
---|---|
+ | Addition: used to the sum n numbers |
– | Subtraction: used to minus n numbers |
* | Multiplication: used to multiply n numbers |
/ | Division: used to perform division |
% | Modulo: return reminder |
Let’s create a program and understand how arithmetic operators are used in C Programming.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
int b;
printf("Enter value of a & b \n");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
// Addition operator
printf("Sum=%d\n",a+b);
// Subtraction Operator
printf("Subtraction=%d\n",a-b);
// Multiplication Operator
printf("Multiplication=%d\n",a*b);
// Division Operator
printf("Division=%d\n",a/b);
// Modulo Operator
printf("Modulo=%d\n",a%b);
getch();
}
Control Instructions
Control instructions are used to control the flow of execution of a program. Using the Decision control statement we can control and perform specific actions in the program. Control Instructions build a logic in which the user can create logical statements. Here are some decision control statements in C Programming.
- If Statement
- If Else Statement
- Conditional Operators
- Switch Statement
If Statement in C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
int b;
printf("Enter value of a & b \n");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
if(a%b==0)
{
printf("a is multiple of b");
}
getch();
}
If Else Statement
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a;
int b;
printf("Enter value of a & b \n");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
if(a%b==0)
{
printf("a is multiple of b");
}
else
{
printf("a is not multiple of b");
}
getch();
}
Conditional Statement
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int a = 10, b = 11; int c; c = (a < b)? a : b; printf(ā%dā, c); }
Switch Statement
#include<stdio.h>
int main() {
char operation;
double n1, n2;
printf("Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ");
scanf("%c", &operation);
printf("Enter two operands: ");
scanf("%lf %lf",&n1, &n2);
switch(operation)
{
case '+':
printf("%.1lf + %.1lf = %.1lf",n1, n2, n1+n2);
break;
case '-':
printf("%.1lf - %.1lf = %.1lf",n1, n2, n1-n2);
break;
case '*':
printf("%.1lf * %.1lf = %.1lf",n1, n2, n1*n2);
break;
case '/':
printf("%.1lf / %.1lf = %.1lf",n1, n2, n1/n2);
break;
// operator doesn't match any case constant +, -, *, /
default:
printf("Error! operator is not correct");
}
return 0;
}
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